Background and aims – The genus Englerodendron (Leguminosae-Detarioideae) has recently been enlarged to include Isomacrolobium and Pseudomacrolobium, and currently includes 18 tropical African species. The recent discovery of a new species in Gabon has led us to re-evaluate the delimitation of several taxa in the genus.
Material and methods – This paper is based on field work by the authors in Gabon, and on a study of herbarium material from BR, BRLU, K, LBV, MO, P, and WAG; normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied.
Results – Englerodendron nguemae is described and illustrated as a new species, endemic to Gabon. It is remarkable for the variation in its leaves, which may be 2-jugate, 1-jugate, or unifoliolate on the same plant. The species is most similar to E. brachyrhachis, but the latter has uniformly 2-jugate leaves; E. nguemae also differs in its longer and more broadly winged leaf rachis (if present) that is convex (not flat) above, its stamen filaments pubescent at the base, and its glabrous style. Several collections from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, previously associated with E. obanense, are considered here to represent two different taxa. One of them, E. macranthum (a new combination and name at new rank based on Macrolobium isopetalum var. macranthum, which is raised to species status), is endemic to the Mayombe range and differs from E. obanense by its inflorescences branched from the base or nearly so, and its shorter 1-seeded pods. The other taxon, still imperfectly known and here treated as Englerodendron sp. A, is endemic to the Kivu region; it differs from E. obanense by its large foliaceous stipules and from E. conchyliophorum by the lack of a basal auricle on the stipules. In addition, the first records of E. leptorrhachis from Equatorial Guinea, and of E. conchyliophorum from the Republic of the Congo, are documented, and a revised key to the now 21 species (one undescribed) of Englerodendron is presented.