Background and aims – The African genus Anthonotha (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) is poorly known. The species are revised. Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium material available, mainly at BM, BR, BRLU, COI, FHO, G, K, LBV, LISC, LISU, MA, MO, P, WAG and YA. Key results – Seventeen species are recognized, including three new ones: A. mouandzae from Gabon and A. wijmacampensis and A. xanderi from Cameroon. The species are almost completely confined to the Guineo-Congolian region. A full taxonomic treatment with key to species is given. Some important characters which are used in this key are depicted. The new species are fully illustrated. The fruits of all species are illustrated as well. Distribution maps of all taxa are given. Anthonota cladantha is neotypified. For four other species (A. ferruginea, A. lamprophylla, A. noldeae and A. trunciflora), a lectotype is designated.

ANTHONOTHA; CAESALPINIOIDEA; LEGUMINOSAE; TAXONOMY; THREE NEW SPECIES; TROPICAL AFRICA