Plant Ecology and Evolution 152(3): 470-498, doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2019.1634
A synopsis of feral Agave and Furcraea (Agavaceae, Asparagaceae s. lat.) in the Canary Islands (Spain)
expand article infoFilip Verloove‡, Joachim Thiede§, Águedo Marrero Rodríguez|, Marcos Salas-Pascual, Jorge Alfredo Reyes-Betancort#, Elizabeth Ojeda-Land¤, Gideon F. Smith«
‡ Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium§ Schenefelder Holt 3, 22589 Hamburg, Germany| Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, C/ El Palmeral nº 15, Tafira Baja, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain¶ Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain# Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava (ICIA). C/ Retama 2, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Canary Islands, Spain¤ Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de Canarias. C/ Avda. de Anaga, 35. Planta 11. 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain« Department of Botany, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa / Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal

Corresponding author: Filip Verloove ( filip.verloove@meisebotanicgarden.be )

© Filip Verloove, Joachim Thiede, Águedo Marrero Rodríguez, Marcos Salas-Pascual, Jorge Alfredo Reyes-Betancort, Elizabeth Ojeda-Land, Gideon F. Smith.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Verloove F, Thiede J, Marrero Rodríguez Á, Salas-Pascual M, Reyes-Betancort JA, Ojeda-Land E, Smith GF (2019) A synopsis of feral Agave and Furcraea (Agavaceae, Asparagaceae s. lat.) in the Canary Islands (Spain). Plant Ecology and Evolution 152(3): 470-498. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1634
Open Access
Abstract

Background – Species of Agave and Furcraea (Agavaceae, Asparagaceae s. lat.) are widely cultivated as ornamentals in Mediterranean climates. An increasing number is escaping and naturalising, also in natural habitats in the Canary Islands (Spain). However, a detailed treatment of variously naturalised and invasive species found in the wild in the Canary Islands is not available and, as a result, species identification is often problematic.

Methods – The present study is based on many years of fieldwork on the islands of Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Tenerife.

Results – Fourteen species and several additional infraspecific taxa of Agave have been identified. In addition to the widely naturalised and invasive Agave americana, A. fourcroydes and A. sisalana (incl. the not previously reported var. armata), the following species of Agave were observed: A. angustifolia (incl. var. marginata), A. attenuata, A. filifera, A. franzosinii, A. lechuguilla, A. macroacantha, A. murpheyi, A. oteroi, A. salmiana (var. ferox and var. salmiana), A. aff. tequilana and A. vivipara. From the genus Furcraea three species were found: F. foetida, F. hexapetala and F. selloana. Several of these newly detected species of Agave and Furcraea are at least locally naturalised. A key for the identification of the representatives of these genera in the study area is presented and all species are illustrated. Additional nomenclatural, taxonomic and ecological notes are also provided.

Keywords
Agavaceae, Agave, Canary Islands, Fuerteventura, Furcraea, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, nomenclature, Spain, taxonomy, Tenerife

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