Plant Ecology and Evolution 152(2): 178-187, doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2019.1615
Novel marine diatom ssRNA virus NitRevRNAV infecting Nitzschia reversa
expand article infoKensuke Toyoda‡, Kei Kimura§, Keigo Osada|, David M Williams, Tomoko Adachi#, Katsumasa Yamada¤, Yuji Tomaru«
‡ Department of Natural Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan§ Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan| Department of Biology, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan¶ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom# Administrative office School of Education, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan¤ Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Cyuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan« Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of the Inland Sea, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan

Corresponding author: Kensuke Toyoda ( toyoda@diatom.jp )

© Kensuke Toyoda, Kei Kimura, Keigo Osada, David M. Williams, Tomoko Adachi, Katsumasa Yamada, Yuji Tomaru.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Toyoda K, Kimura K, Osada K, Williams DM, Adachi T, Yamada K, Tomaru Y (2019) Novel marine diatom ssRNA virus NitRevRNAV infecting Nitzschia reversa. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152(2): 178-187. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1615
Open Access
Abstract

Background and aims – Diatoms are one of the most species rich groups of organisms on Earth. They are fundamental in supporting the biomass of the natural environment. The presence of marine viruses can greatly influence diatom diversity in their natural environment and has attracted interest from multi-disciplinary research teams after a diatom infected virus was reported for the first time in the 21st century. As initial research in this field demonstrated, for the acquisition of a new virus it is important to learn about their infect hosts. Therefore, we have been searching for new viruses that infect diatoms.

Methods – A clonal host species Nitzschia reversa was isolated from natural sea water. Aliquots of the filtrates obtained from this sea water were inoculated to yield the exponentially-growing isolated host species. The resultant lysate was used as a clonal lysate and treated as a clonal virus suspension. The suspension was then used for further analysis of various biochemical studies.

Key results – We discovered and isolated a new virus that infected the pennate diatom Nitzschia reversa. Since this newly discovered virus was a single strand RNA virus, it has capsid proteins with 30 nm size icosahedron without an envelope. The species epithet is NitRevRNAV.

Conclusions – In this study, we described the morphology, genome type and partial sequences, as well as lytic activities, of the new species NitRevRNAV. Of note, the virus harbours a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. These features were highly similar to those of previously known diatom RNA viruses therefore NitRevRNAV is a new member of the genus Bacillarnavirus in the Order Picornavirales.

Keywords
marine virus, algal virus, new species, Nitzschia, Bacillariophyta, diatom

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