Plant Ecology and Evolution 151(2): 252-261, doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2018.1421
Taxonomy, palynology, and seed morphology of Paepalanthus decumbens, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from Minas Gerais, Brazil
expand article infoMarcelo Trovó Lopes de Oliveira‡, Wellerson L. Picanço§, Vânia Gonçalves-Esteves§
‡ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil§ Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Corresponding author: Marcelo Trovó Lopes de Oliveira ( martrovo@gmail.com )

© Meise Botanic Garden and Royal Botanical Society of Belgium.
all rights reserved
Citation: Lopes de Oliveira MT, Picanço WL, Gonçalves-Esteves V (2018) Taxonomy, palynology, and seed morphology of Paepalanthus decumbens, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Plant Ecology and Evolution 151(2): 252-261. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1421
Open Access
Abstract

Background and aims – Paepalanthus is the largest genus of Neotropical Eriocaulaceae and the largest genus of Brazilian monocots. Much of its taxonomic and morphological diversity remains unknown. A new species is described, with details on pollen and seed morphology.

Methods – The morphological description of the vegetative and floral characters was made using a stereoscopic microscope with camera. Pollen and seed samples from the new species and from two related taxa were studied under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Key results – Paepalanthus decumbens is described and illustrated, including details of pollen grains and seeds. The species is restricted to a small area in the campos rupestres of Serra de São José (Minas Gerais, Brazil), and therefore should be considered as critically endangered. The decumbent stem, falciform leaves with long trichomes along the margins, the numerous and sericeous scapes of roughly the same size of the leaves, and the dark castaneous involucral bracts are useful features for the recognition of the new species. Paepalanthus decumbens is placed in P. subsect. Polyactis and compared with P. microphyllus and P. stannardii, which have their pollen grains and seeds also herein described for the first time.

Keywords
flower morphology, Minas Gerais, Poales, pollen grains, seeds, taxonomy

References

  • Alves R.J.V. (1991a) A new species of the genus Eulophia R. Br. (Orchidaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 26: 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912945
  • Alves R.J.V. (1991b) Liparis beckeri and Pelexia phallocallosa – two new species of Brazilian Orchidaceae. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 26: 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912864
  • Alves R.J.V. (1992a) A new species of Mesadenella Pabst & Garay (Orchidaceae - Spiranthinae). Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 27: 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854655
  • Alves R.J.V. (1992b) A new species of Pseudolaelia (Orchidaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 27: 189–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02856252
  • Alves R.J.V. (1992c) Sarcoglottis caudata (Orchidaceae) and Vellozia kolbekii (Velloziaceae), two new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Novon 2: 299–301. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391481
  • Alves R.J.V., Kolbek J. (2009) Summit vascular flora of Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List 5: 35–73. https://doi.org/10.15560/5.1.35
  • Andrade M.J.G., Giulietti A.M., Rapini A., de Queiroz L.P., Conceição A.S., de Almeida P.R.M., van den Berg C. (2010) A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Eriocaulaceae: evidence from nuclear (ITS) and plastid (psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF) DNA sequences. Taxon 59: 379–388.
  • Andrino C., Trovó M., Sano P.T. (2016) A field full of green stars: Paepalanthus multistellaris (Eriocaulaceae), a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 278: 55–61. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.6
  • Barbosa-Silva R.G., Trovó M., Martinelli G., Forzza R.C. (2018) Up on the table mountains in Brazil: new Bromeliaceae and Eriocaulaceae (Poales) from of the Pantepui in the Guayana Shield. Plant Ecology and Evolution 151: 130–141. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1392
  • Barreto L.C., Echternacht L., Garcia Q.S. (2013) Seed coat sculpture in Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae) and its implications on taxonomy and phylogenetics. Plant Systematics and Evolution 299: 1461–1469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0808-8
  • BFG – The Brazil Flora Group (2015) Overview of the systematics and diversity of Poales in the Neotropics with emphasis on the Brazilian flora. Rodriguésia 66: 305–328. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
  • Borges R.L.B., Santos F.A.R., Giulietti A.M. (2009) Comparative pollen morphology and taxonomic considerations in Eriocau­laceae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 154: 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.12.008
  • Coan A.I., Scatena V.L. (2004) Embryology and seed development of Blastocaulon scirpeum and Paepalanthus scleranthus (Eriocaulaceae). Flora 199: 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1078/0367-2530-00124
  • Costa F.N., Sano P.T. (2013) New circumscription of the endemic Brazilian genus Actinocephalus (Eriocaulaceae). Novon 22: 281–287. https://doi.org/10.3417/2011001
  • Costa F.N., Andrino C.O., Trovó M., Echternacht L., Sano P.T. (2016) Three new micro-endemic species of Paepalanthus (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae) from Serra do Ambrósio, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 247: 118–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.2.3
  • Drummond R.A.R., Alves R.J.V., Koschnitzke C. (2007) Mela­stomataceae da Serra de São José, Minas Gerais. Revista de Biologia Neotropical 4: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v4i1.4648
  • Echternacht L., Trovó M. (2015) Paepalanthus serpens, a new microendemic species of Eriocaulaceae from the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PhytoKeys 48: 43–49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.48.6713
  • Erdtman G. (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy - Angiosperms. Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell.
  • Giulietti A.M., Monteiro W.R., Mayo S.J., Stephens J. (1988) A preliminary survey of testa sculpture in Eriocaulaceae. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 62: 189–209.
  • Giulietti A.M., Parra L.R. (1995) Eriocaulaceae. In: Stannard B.L. (ed.) Flora of the Pico das Almas, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil: 684–703. London, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
  • Giulietti A.M., Harley R.M., Queiroz L.P., Wanderley M.G.L., Van den Berg C. (2005) Biodiversidade e conservação das plantas no Brasil. Megadiversidade 1: 52–61.
  • Giulietti A.M., Andrade M.J.G., Scatena V.L., Trovó M., Coan A.I., Sano P.T., Santos F.A.R., Borges R.L.B., van den Berg C. (2012) Molecular phylogeny, morphology and their implications for the taxonomy of Eriocaulaceae. Rodriguesia 63: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602012000100001
  • Hensold N. (1988) Morphology and systematics of Paepalanthus subgenus Xeractis (Eriocaulaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 23: 1–150. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027709
  • Hensold N. (1991) Revisionary studies in the Eriocaulaceae of Venezuela. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78: 424–440. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399571
  • IUCN (2011) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 9.0. Available from: http://www.iucn.org [accessed 10 Apr. 2014].
  • Koernicke F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius C.F.P., Eichler A.W. (eds) Flora brasiliensis 3: 273–508. Munich, Typographia Regia.
  • Kraus J.E., Scatena V.L., Lewinger M.E., Trench K.U.S. (1996) Morfologia externa do desenvolvimento pós-seminal em quarto espécies de Paepalanthus Kunth (Eriocaulaceae). Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 15: 45–53.
  • Kuprianova L.A. (1948) Morphologie des pollens et phylogénie des Monocotilédones. Communications of Komarov Institute, Academy Sciences (URSS) 1: 163–262.
  • Medeiros D., Valle L.S., Alves R.J.V. (2009) Two new species of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) from campos rupestres of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 136: 186–191. https://doi.org/10.3159/08-RA-121.1
  • Medeiros D., Alves R.J.V., de Senna-Valle L.S. (2011) Rediscovery of Croton josephinus (Euphorbiaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 68: 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428610000259
  • Melhem T.S., Cruz-Barros M.A.V., Corrêa A.M.S., Makino-Watanabe H., Silvestre-Capelato M.S.F., Gonçalves-Esteves V. (2003) Variabilidade polínica em plantas de Campos de Jordão (São Paulo, Brasil). Boletim do Instituto de Botânica 16: 9–104.
  • Radford A.E., Dickison W.C., Massey J.R., Bell C.R. (1974) Vascular plant systematics. New York, Harper & Row Pub.
  • Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich, Regni vegetabilis conspectus IV. 30 (Heft 13): 1–94. Leipzig, W. Engelmann.
  • Sano P.T. (2004) Actinocephalus Koern. Sano (Paepalanthus sect. Actinocephalus), a new genus of Eriocaulaceae, and other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes involving Paepalanthus Mart. Taxon 53: 99–107.
  • Santos F.A.R., Sano P.T., Giulietti A.M. (2000) Pollen morphology of Brazilian species of Paepalanthus Mart. (Eriocaulaceae). Revista Universidade de Guarulhos-Geociências 5: 216–218.
  • Scatena V.L., Bouman F. (2001) Embryology and seed development of Paepalanthus sect. Actinocephalus (Koern.) Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae). Plant Biology 3: 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16467
  • Silva N.G., Alves R.J.V., Pereira J.F., Rivadavia F. (2011) Lentibulariaceae, Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List 7: 120–127. https://doi.org/10.15560/7.2.120
  • Silveira A.A. (1928) Floralia Montium. Belo Horizonte, Imprensa Official.
  • Stuessy T.F. (1990) Plant taxonomy, the systematic evaluation of comparative data. New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Stützel T. (1984) Blüten und Infloreszenzmorphologische Untersuchungen zur Systematik der Eriocaulaceen. Dissertationes Botanicae 71.
  • Stützel T., Trovó M. (2013) Inflorescences in Eriocaulaceae: taxonomic relevance and practical implications. Annals of Botany 112: 1505–1522. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct234
  • Thanikaimoni G. (1965) Contribution to the pollen morphology of Eriocaulaceae. Pollen et Spores 7(2): 181–191.
  • Thiers B. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ [accessed 1 Feb. 2017].
  • Tissot-Squalli M.L.H. (1997) Monographische Bearbeitung von Paepalanthus subgenus Platycaulon. Dissertationes Botanicae 280.
  • Tissot-Squalli M.L.H., Sauthier L.J. (2017) Paepalanthus altamirensis, a new species of Paepalanthus subg. Platycaulon (Eriocaulaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 299: 252–260. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.299.2.9
  • Trovó M., Sano P.T. (2011) Five new and narrowly distributed species of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae) from Central Brazil. Systematic Botany 36: 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583600
  • Trovó M., Echternacht L., Sano P.T. (2011) Paepalanthus hirtellus, a new species of Paepalanthus subsection Actinocephaloides (Eriocaulaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 15: 26–32.
  • Trovó M., Andrade M.J.G., Sano P.T., Ribeiro P.L., van den Berg C. (2013a) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Neotropical Paepalanthoideae with emphasis on Brazilian Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01310.x
  • Trovó M., Echternacht L.A., Sano P.T. (2013b) Three new species of Paepalanthus sect. Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Novon 22: 325–331. https://doi.org/10.3417/2010112
  • Trovó M., Silva A.S., Coan A.I. (2017) Paepalanthus modestus (Eriocaulaceae), a new dimerous species from Goiás, Brazil, with notes on leaf and scape anatomy. Phytotaxa 316: 271–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.6
  • Weberling F. (1989) Morphology of flowers and inflorescences. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.