Plant Ecology and Evolution 153(1): 67-81, doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2020.1565
The hyperdominant tropical tree Eschweilera coriacea (Lecythidaceae) shows higher genetic heterogeneity than sympatric Eschweilera species in French Guiana
Myriam Heuertz‡, Henri Caron§, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne|, Pascal Pétronelli§, Julien Engel¶, Niklas Tysklind§, Sana Miloudi#, Fernanda A. Gaiotto¤, Jérôme Chave«, Jean-François Molino», Daniel Sabatier», João Loureiro˄, Katharina B. Budde#‡ INRAE & University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France§ INRAE, Cirad, Ecofog, GF-97310 Kourou, French Guiana| INRAE, URFM, FR-84914 Avignon, France¶ International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States of America# Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biogeco, FR-33610 Cestas, France¤ Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Ilhéus, BR-45662-901, Bahia, Brazil« Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, CNRS, EBD, FR-31062, Toulouse, France» Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, AMAP, FR-34398 Montpellier, France˄ University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, PT-3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
Corresponding author: Myriam Heuertz ( myriam.heuertz@inrae.fr ) © Myriam Heuertz, Henri Caron, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Pascal Pétronelli, Julien Engel, Niklas Tysklind, Sana Miloudi, Fernanda A. Gaiotto, Jérôme Chave, Jean-François Molino, Daniel Sabatier, João Loureiro, Katharina B. Budde. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation:
Heuertz M, Caron H, Scotti-Saintagne C, Pétronelli P, Engel J, Tysklind N, Miloudi S, Gaiotto FA, Chave J, Molino J-F, Sabatier D, Loureiro J, Budde KB (2020) The hyperdominant tropical tree Eschweilera coriacea (Lecythidaceae) shows higher genetic heterogeneity than sympatric Eschweilera species in French Guiana. Plant Ecology and Evolution 153(1): 67-81. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1565 |  |
Abstract
Background and aims – The evolutionary history of Amazonia’s hyperabundant tropical tree species, also known as “hyperdominant” species, remains poorly investigated. We assessed whether the hyperdominant Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A.Mori (Lecythidaceae) represents a single genetically cohesive species, and how its genetic constitution relates to other species from the same clade with which it occurs sympatrically in French Guiana.
Methods – We sampled 152 individuals in nine forest sites in French Guiana, representing 11 species of the genus Eschweilera all belonging to the Parvifolia clade, with emphasis on E. coriacea. Samples were genotyped at four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We delimited gene pools, i.e., genetically coherent putative taxa, using STRUCTURE software and principal component analysis. We compared the genetic assignment of individuals with their morphological species determination and estimated genetic diversity and differentiation for gene pools and species. We also estimated genome size using flow cytometry.
Key results – SSR profiles commonly displayed up to four alleles per genotype, suggesting that the investigated Eschweilera species bear a paleopolyploid signature. Flow cytometry suggested that the studied species are diploid with haploid genome sizes of 871–1046 Mbp. We detected five gene pools and observed a good correspondence between morphological and genetic delimitation for Eschweilera sagotiana Miers and the undescribed morphospecies E. sp. 3 (which resembles E. grandiflora (Aubl.) Sandwith), and to a lesser extent for E. decolorans Sandwith and E. micrantha (O.Berg) Miers. Eschweilera coriacea was the most genetically diverse species and included individuals assigned to each gene pool.
Conclusions – We found no conclusive evidence for cryptic species within E. coriacea in French Guiana. SSRs detected fewer gene pools than expected based on morphology in the Parvifolia clade but discriminated evolutionary relationships better than available plastid markers. A positive trend between demographic abundance of species and allelic richness illustrates that hyperdominants may have a high evolutionary potential. This hypothesis can be tested using more powerful genomic data in combination with tree phenotypic trait variation and characterization of niche breadth, to enhance our understanding of the causes of hyperdominance in Amazonian trees.
Keywords
Eschweilera, microsatellites, species delimitation, hyperdominant tropical trees, species complex, cryptic species
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