Efficacy of the herbivory treatments. Columns and bars represent means ± one standard error. A. The folivory treatments are shown as insecticide frequency, which represents the number of times during the experiment that ramets were sprayed with SEVIN®. B. The targeted florivory treatments are shown as proportion of flower buds intended to be cut per ramet.

 
 
  Part of: Wise MJ (2023) Why fitness impacts of different herbivores may combine nonadditively, and why it matters to the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore communities. Plant Ecology and Evolution 156(1): 13-28. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.95982