Characters;Cephalanthus;Sylvainia Habit;"shrub or small tree";"shrub in open environments to a climbing tree in forests" Leaves;"commonly 3–4 verticillate, rarely opposite, up to 15–20 cm long";"opposite, up to 5 cm long" "Leaf domatia";"absent in C. angustifolius and C. glabrifolius, tufts of hairs in C. glabratus and C. tetrandrus, and pockets in C. occidentalis";"present, crypts" Colleters;Light;"present on stipules";"present on stipules" Dark;"present on leaves, stipules, bracts, bracteoles, calyx, and corolla";absent Inflorescences;"thyrsoid, pleiochasia";"terminal, on single branches" Corolla;"infundibuliform or hypocrateriform, completely white, internally pubescent tube, internally glabrous or pubescent lobes";"tubular, red tube, internally glabrous, greenish throat and nigrescent lobes, with margins inwardly plicate" Stamens;"subsessile, sub-included at anthesis";"filaments equal or longer than the anthers, included at anthesis, covered by a ring of trichomes of the corolla lobes" Stigma;capitate/bilobate;"slightly claviform to inconspicuous" "Pollen grains: exine pattern";"perforate in C. glabratus and microreticulate in the remaining spp., unknown in C. glabrifolius";"transitional, perforate to micro-reticulate" Orbicules;"spheroidal, subspheroidal, pyriform and/or elongated";donut-shaped Fruit;"dry, schizocarp, autochorous and/or probably hydrochorous, greenish to reddish colour, mericarps with an apical preformed slit";"fleshy, endozoochorous, white-green or pink, mericarps indehiscent" "Exotesta (SEM)";"smooth, minutely reticulate";"rough, reticulate" Aril;"longer than the length of the seed";"shorter than half the length of the seed" Habitat;"waterlogged or inundated habitat, from 0 to 250 m altitude";"mountainous, humid forests, non-waterlogged, 1500 to 2000 m altitude" Distribution;"Southeast Asia (tropical Asia) and America, North and Mesoamerica, and South America";"Southeast Africa, subtropical"