Anatomy of the margin and intermediate region of pinnae of Syagrus montana (A–D) and Syagrus evansiana (E–J) using LM in transverse sections. A. Empty raphide idioblasts (eight white arrowheads) in stained sample; narrow adaxial fibres (fd); stomata on the abaxial surface (black arrowheads); large first adaxial fibre bundle at the margin (la); and homogeneous mesophyll. B. Idioblast containing raphides (ra) in an unstained sample. C. Biseriate adaxial hypodermis (hy). D. Detail of the abaxial surface: subsidiary cells (two yellow dots), guard cells (two white dots) and fibres (fi) in the hypodermis. E. Stomata on both surfaces (black arrowheads); large adaxial fibres (fd); and dorsiventral mesophyll. F. Raphides (ra). G. Biseriate adaxial hypodermis (hy). H–I. Stomata on the adaxial (H) and abaxial (I) surfaces: subsidiary cells (two yellow dots), guard cells (two white dots). J. Fibre bundle on the abaxial surface (fi). Photographs by Bruno F. Sant’Anna-Santos.