Specialized fly pollination in Apoballis mutata (Araceae): high reproductive success in the absence of a trap system

Figure 3.

Microstructures of stamens, and pollinators in Apoballis mutata at staminate anthesis. A. Stamens at pistillate anthesis, each with two sealed thecae pores. B. Sealed thecae pore. C. Smooth papilla cell surface with several stomata. D. Stamen at staminate anthesis; note the ruptured thecae pores revealing pollen extrusion. E. Adherent pollen on the papilla cells. F. Pollen. G. Ventral surface of Colocasiomyia fly covered with pollen. H, I. Pollen adherent on legs. J, M. Pollen adherent on the head and mouth parts. K. Dorsal surface covered with pollen. L. Pollen on wings. N, O. Side surface covered with pollen. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, C, H = 50 μm; D, I, J, L–N = 100 μm; E = 10 μm; F = 5 μm; G, K, O = 500 μm.

	Figure 3. Microstructures of stamens, and pollinators in Apoballis mutata at staminate anthesis. A. Stamens at pistillate anthesis, each with two sealed thecae pores. B. Sealed thecae pore. C. Smooth papilla cell surface with several stomata. D. Stamen at staminate anthesis; note the ruptured thecae pores revealing pollen extrusion. E. Adherent pollen on the papilla cells. F. Pollen. G. Ventral surface of Colocasiomyia fly covered with pollen. H, I. Pollen adherent on legs. J, M. Pollen adherent on the head and mouth parts. K. Dorsal surface covered with pollen. L. Pollen on wings. N, O. Side surface covered with pollen. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, C, H = 50 μm; D, I, J, L–N = 100 μm; E = 10 μm; F = 5 μm; G, K, O = 500 μm.
	Part of: Low SL (2026) Specialized fly pollination in Apoballis mutata (Araceae): high reproductive success in the absence of a trap system. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159(2): 268-280. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.169286