Scatterplot of spore sizes at specimen and species levels in studied specimens of Palliocystidium and Subulicystidium with reniform spores. Ellipses around the species assume a multivariate normal distribution and confidence level of 95%. To avoid the higher complexity of the plot, specimens FO 14338 and KHL 11042, re-identified in this study as Palliocystidium cf. oberwinkleri were treated without the uncertainty sign “cf.”.