Cinchona cultivation techniques in the five groupements: Baswagha, Kabare, Ngweshe, Ntambuka, and Rubenga in North and South Kivu provinces of the DRC. A. Propagation methods (n = 185). B. Seed source (n = 177). C. Soil fertility status (n = 184). D. Fertilizer type (n = 185). E. Cinchona tree spacing (n = 178). F. Disease and insect problems (n = 126). G. Cinchona tree species (C. calisaya (n = 155), C. pubescens (n = 30)).

 
 
  Part of: Mekonnen B, Cizungu L, Alegre J, Blondeel H, De Lombaerde E, Verbeeck H, Duchateau L, Schrevens E, Verheyen K, Boeckx P, De Frenne P (2025) Smallholder farmers’ knowledge on management of Cinchona in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158(1): 3-13. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.125060